Gentamicin has been approved to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Gentamicin can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Bartonella spp. Gentamicin belongs to the pharmacological class of Aminoglycoside antibiotics. Concurrent use of potent diuretics, like ethacrynic acid or furosemide, should be avoided as they may enhance the risk of ototoxicity and alter gentamicin concentrations in the blood and tissues when administered intravenously.
Advanced age and dehydration may also increase the patient's risk of toxicity. Concurrent or sequential use of other neurotoxic or nephrotoxic medications, such as cisplatin, cephaloridine, and various aminoglycosides, should be avoided. Peritoneal dialysis is less effective in eliminating gentamicin. In cases of overdose or toxic reactions, hemodialysis may be beneficial in removing gentamicin from the bloodstream, particularly if renal function is compromised. Excessive peak or trough levels increase the risk of renal and eighth cranial nerve toxicity. Peak concentrations of gentamicin should be adjusted to avoid prolonged levels above 12 mcg/mL, while trough concentrations should be maintained below 2 mcg/mL. Serum concentrations of aminoglycosides should be monitored whenever possible to ensure appropriate levels and prevent potentially toxic concentrations. If evidence of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity emerges, dosage adjustment or discontinuation of the drug may be necessary. Audiograms should be obtained in eligible patients, especially those at high risk, to detect early signs of ototoxicity. Periodic measurement of serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, or creatinine clearance is recommended.
Urine analysis should be performed to assess specific gravity, protein excretion, and the presence of cells or casts. Close monitoring of renal function and eighth cranial nerve function is essential, particularly in patients with known or suspected renal impairment. Other signs of neurotoxicity may include numbness, tingling, muscle twitching, and seizures.
Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity is usually irreversible and may present as symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. Neurotoxicity, characterized by ototoxicity affecting both the vestibular and auditory systems, can also occur, especially in patients with preexisting renal damage or in those receiving higher than recommended doses or prolonged treatment. Gentamicin has the potential to cause nephrotoxicity, particularly in patients with impaired renal function or those receiving high dosages or prolonged therapy. CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation) NewsĮnsure that patients receiving aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, are closely monitored due to the potential for toxicity associated with their use.
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